It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. (PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? 7 Topics . Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . It is our pleasure. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. /F1 6 0 R Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . |4-Iv Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. /Length 3884 No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. 3. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Population of the country /BitsPerComponent 8 Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Email Address. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. We appreciate you. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. /Resources << Each state has the same level of self-governance. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. (Tanzi, 1996). CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. s" PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. ff>qsfN? It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. This is because most of the power (financial and. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice

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