Some of the most common include squirrels, chipmunks, and birds. The Big Question: Do Squirrels Eat Acorns? You can also help them out by cutting down some branches for the deer in your yard. There are ways to provide a feed mix for deer if you do it responsibly. So next time you go out for a walk in the woods, keep an eye out for deer eating nuts.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'bigyardfun_com-leader-1','ezslot_13',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-bigyardfun_com-leader-1-0'); As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. In fact, they are a good source of nutrition for deer. Therefore, if you want to protect your almond trees, you may wanna act fast. The second theory revolves around soil composition. Protein is important for deer to build muscle tissue and repair damaged cells. Almonds contain high levels of protein, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals, which can help deer stay healthy and thrive. Rudolph the red-nose reindeer, maybe? If they, Read More What Not to Feed Chickens in Your BackyardContinue, Birds are as much a part of nature as we are. Why is that happening. Today we shall have a detailed discussion on this very topic. Trim branches so that the nuts are out of reach of browsing deer. One of the safest ways to do this is by planting and maintaining trees and plants that attract deer. In short, no. Can deer eat pistachios? Heres what both sides have to say on the topic of how to get deer on your property. (Quick Answers), Does Smoke Repel Flies? Michael is heavily inclined towards traveling to natural places and documenting cultures/people from different parts of the world. Because deer are also seasonal feeders, a large part of their diet becomes unavailable or very difficult to find during the cold season. This is a simple way for deers to find their food. There are a number of fencing methods with some more successful than others in keeping deer away from fruit trees. They will still grow and you will have food to attract deer. If its introduced too quickly into a deers diet, it could result in death. Whatever the bluff is, you can categorize any almond in two bitter and sweet. Introduction of supplementary food should be done gradually. 4 0 obj Additionally, if you only plan on attracting the deer, you may use vanilla extract too. Here is the list of fences that you can install depending on the deer attacks and cost-affordability. endobj The deer family consists of two main groups, the Cervinae, and the Capreolinae. Also, I read that a lick stick or block is good for them because of the salt; true or not? Therefore, if you have these plants in your garden, beware of deer. In a very broad sense, deer are herbivores and primary eaters. But usually, they are taller, and deer couldnt get the mature almond trees as their neck might hurt.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'outdoorfavor_com-banner-1','ezslot_3',668,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-outdoorfavor_com-banner-1-0'); But if youre asking this question for your recently planted almond trees, then you better keep some protection on them, like the round-fencing at each baby tree. The good news is that yes, you should feed deer. (Explained). When ingested in large amounts, they cause gastrointestinal problems, kidney stones, and even kidney failure. However, there are a few things to keep in mind when feeding nuts to deer. Copyright 2022 OutdoorAlive | About Us | Privacy Policy, Does Lysol Repel Roaches? bucks (male deer) dont lactate. Almonds are When almond trees are grown they are fertilized with nitrogen. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'outdoorfavor_com-box-4','ezslot_2',667,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-outdoorfavor_com-box-4-0'); As a rule of thumb, if you can easily touch the leaves of almond trees from the grounds, then deer reaching it is not far from possible. I am assuming that they can prefer or can tolerate similar types of food. Mushrooms are high in phosphorous and proteins that aid in the growth and development of deer muscles. If we were to ask some people what a deers favorite food is, many would say cottonseed (not on its own but usually as a meal or in cakes). x\mo7n,zhmCqh,-lIWI}fjiZ223;p^W_;_^]^,g9PEVUp~[r[nnz!&i3dB gccW/BTx& Could the mother of these doe have been killed by a car? In fact, many animals enjoy eating almonds, including squirrels, birds, and even some mammals. However, they also believe in giving a taste test to edible items that contain almonds. Because deer can not survive solely on them, it causes a lack of nutrients and water content in it. Dont be fooled when you spot a deer out in a field full of pasture grazing on land. Deer are known to cause property damage. However, they are not as nutritious as other nuts, and they are not a preferred food source for deer. First off, make sure that the nuts you have are unsalted as salt can be harmful to their health in large quantities. (Safe & Fast Methods), What Does Lizard Poop Look Like? However, not all almonds are safe to eat, and deer cant solely survive on almonds due to a lack of some vital vitamins needed for deer growth. But it becomes highly needed when deer become offensive in nature and either start destroying the farmers livelihood or become mad, and there is no other choice left than hunting. Nope! Though they dont typically prefer them, they will eat them if they are hungry enough. If you are feeding baby deer at home, you can give them a variety of different nuts to eat, including peanuts, almonds, and walnuts. Many species of birds also feed on nuts, including jays, woodpeckers, band-tailed As harsh as it may seem, nature weeds out the weaker animals and controls the deer population on its own. Almonds are like a pastime snack for them. (Doing This Stopped Them)Continue, Domesticated bunnies are wonderful additions to the family, but they do require a high level of care. What Not to Feed Chickens in Your Backyard, How to Stop Birds From Chirping (This Trick Always Works! Some of the most common include: After the tannins are leached out, the nuts are considered safe to eat. Almonds contain high levels of protein, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals, Seeing as deer are first and foremost wild animals, there will always be both pros and cons to the idea of feeding them or attracting them into your backyard for that matter. You can grow these plants near almonds tree to resist the deer, though make sure that none of the resistive plants stop the growth of your trees. Almonds are not poisonous to deer, so there is no need to worry about them if Common dormice leave a smooth, round hole in the side of the nut, with tooth marks running around the inside of the hole. All Rights Reserved, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjgupaL41Z0, VIDEO: Viral video of woman feeding deer catches WDFW's attention (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjgupaL41Z0), 7 Turtles That Look Like Snapping Turtles. WebDeers eat almonds and in fact they love munching on almonds. ), Neighbors Cat Climbing on My Car! The short answer is yes. Deers on the island of Rum consume meat when its available, even though they mainly feed on vegetation. A doe will go to extreme lengths to remove all scents from their fawns so that predators wont be attracted to them. As adding more fertilizer may result in growth of more vegetation. Generally speaking, most types of nuts are safe for deer to consume in moderation. Doing these will make almonds less accessible to deers. Can be used on its own or mixed with other types of feed. Address: 959 West Ave #12, Miami Beach, FL 33139, United States. But can deer also enjoy this tasty treat? However, ingesting even a small amount of these plants can cause serious health problems, including death. One morning, I saw a couple of deer raiding our bird feeder (and I mean seriously chowing-down). No. It takes a few for them to adjust to a new diet. White-tailed deer have sharply pointed heads, enabling them to reach plants and select distinct plants and specific plant parts. Deers are known to eat almonds. Although it can be rewarding to get wild deer to trust you by feeding them, its bad for their safety. Apart from this, here comes the actual question, do deer eat almonds? Under such circumstances, they are most likely to eat with whatever food is available around them. If youve ever watched the movie Bambi and felt incredibly sad when Bambi was left all alone, youll likely remember the feeling if you ever stumble upon a baby deer thats all by itself. This fantastic mix of seeds is made of grains, brassica, clovers, lettuce, and radishes. Deer would also need to eat more than they are capable of eating to get an adequate amount of calories from corn. On the plus side, you can also use this product to feed other types of wildlife in your backyard. People not understanding that deer are wild animals which should be handled carefully. I needed it as I began feeding the deer in my and my neighbors yard in the fall. What to Do With a Dead Bird in Your Yard? This includes squirrels, raccoons, and chipmunks. Here are two reasons why deers eat almond: In general, almonds are enjoyed by deers. One of the best ways to feed nuts to deer is by using a game feeder. If you want to literally have deer eating out of your hand, there is nothing deer love more than Whitetail Institute Imperial Clover Deer Food over at Amazon. All ruminants, deer alike, have a dental fomula to suit their feeding habits. One question that often arises is whether deer can eat almonds. They eat most of the food from the Doe so I spread it around. Moreover, theres a higher chance that the deer may consume almond extract as it smells like raw almonds. Therefore, if you encounter a fawn alone, please leave it there. The combination has been proved to attract deer and keep them coming to your garden. Deers eat almonds and in fact they love munching on almonds. They are fast eaters. They act as good supplements for deer feed. Deer will often eat nuts that have fallen to the ground, but they will also eat nuts that are still on the tree. Theres just something serene and majestic about the sight of wild deer grazing on your land. Plus, the Apple Obsession Deer is very easy to use. Useful Tidbits What are the best trees to plant for deer and turkey? It will take less calcium from almonds to form calcium oxalate to excrete in the form of urine, and the rest of the calcium will be absorbed by the body. However, they do not consume any sort of animal protein. Thats right, these furry little creatures are actually quite fond of the tasty treat. Apply deer repellents to the leaves, branches, and/or nuts of your trees. However, they have quite an ugly reputation for eating out crops and other plants. Secondly, take into consideration the size of the nut- some species have difficulty digesting larger ones like Brazil nuts or macadamia beans. Can deer eat almonds, for example? No, they do not. 3 0 obj This allows you to control how much food the deer are getting and keeps other animals from stealing the food. One of the great things about this plot seed mixture is that you can either plant it in a seedbed which you have already prepared or in one that has had minimal preparation time. If you live in an area with a high deer population, at some point they will try to eat the nuts from your trees. Feeding them also means helping the deer through the months when they are growing or developing antlers. Cut down tree branches out of their reach and feed them. Many people assume that its fine to give deer any leftover scraps they have on hand. This is where they find certain parts of foliage and plants which they like the most. Repellents work by emitting a scent that deer find offensive, causing them to avoid the area. While deer can be found munching on leftovers in cornfields, its not a major source of nutrition for them, and some dont eat it regularly. Install fencing around your property and/or individual trees. Additionally, during the summer days, they survive on nuts, fruits,and of course a lot of green elements. Wild mushrooms are poisonous to deer and may be deadly to the animals if ingested. Along with almonds, deers are also caught grazing the leaves and If youve made it to the end of this guide, you can probably tell by now that just knowing what deer like to eat is only scratching the surface of what you need to know. Electric fences may also be effective in keeping deer away from your nuts (and other plants). If you notice any vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive scratching, it is best to discontinue feeding and seek professional help. Second, don't overdo it - like with anything else, moderation is key when feeding nuts to deer! They actually look for me to come out with food for them. Though soaked almonds will hasten this process, even the raw ones would not be hard to break. Deer eat a lot of woody browse, which includes twigs from oak They also contain vitamin C, all of which play a big part I the survival of deer. The first theory is based on nutrients deficiency. For example, acorns are a common type of nut that deer eat. Almond extract can be consumed by deers. Rather than immediately cracking open the almond kernel to eat, remove the hull from the almond fruit and allow it to dry in the sun for one or two days. There are a variety of animals that eat almonds. Deer feed on their fruits to supplement their diets. You can roast them in the oven at 375F (190C) for 1520 minutes for a quick and nutritious Also, I feed them a green silage, which I presume people are feeding horses and cattle with, since the feed store carries a lot of it. Additionally, the nuts provide a good source of essential vitamins and minerals. All you have to do is pour it right on the ground as is or mix it with some oats. What to Feed Deer in Your Backyard to Keep Them Coming Back! Eggplants are a part of the nightshade family, which are toxic to deer and other ruminants. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. I called to have it picked up. In fact, you might be better off buying it because store bought deer food is healthy, safe, and already has all the protein, vitamins, and nutrients they need. Many deer repellent plants, scents, and trees would help keep the deer away mainly because either these plants have a strong aroma categorized under offensive smell. Essential fatty acids are necessary for proper metabolism and immunity. Yes, they do. White tail deers do eat almonds. Nuts are a good source of protein and essential nutrients, which can help deer stay healthy. Their diet may include apples, nuts, corn, and fruits. For one thing, they contain high levels of protein, which is essential for maintaining a healthy coat and antler growth during the winter months. Whitetail deers enjoy consuming fruits and nuts. Nuts are a high-energy food source that can help deer put on weight and stay warm during cold weather. Whether its a whitetail deer or not,they will consume almonds if they are available. There are two main theories behind the reason why deer eat dirt. So deer can smell both sweet and bitter almonds; however, as sweet almonds have a mild scent, it needs to be much closer to deer range than the bitter almond, as they have a powerful scent due to cyanide. Do Deer Eat Ivy? Once they have found a good location, they will return to it time and again throughout the season until the food source is depleted. Unfortunately, there is no easy answer to this question. For instance, bears and pigs typically avoid eating almonds due to the high fat content. When its time, the drupes split open and fall on the ground. As fall approaches, whitetails must Stir it until it comes to a porridge consistency and feed it to the fawn. However, their diet might keep changing throughout the year. Finally, the crunchy texture of most nutshells provides a satisfying chewing experience for any hungry herbivore looking for something to gnaw on. Almonds are a popular snack food, enjoyed by people all over the world. Nuts are an integral part of their regular diet. Humans have been enjoying them for centuries as well. Corn is a fermentable carbohydrate that is low in protein. In fact, they are quite fond of them! Additionally, eating nuts can help deer reduce their risk of getting certain diseases or parasites. Acorns contain high levels of tannins, which can be toxic to animals if consumed in large quantities. Beech nuts are another type of nut they love to eat. The digestive systems of deers are designed and proven to be adaptable towards raw food. Are almonds safe for deer to eat? (All You Need to Know), Do Rabbits Eat Coreopsis? There are even more varieties of almonds many are known, but not most are still hidden. )Continue, Stumbling upon a dead animal in your yard can be an upsetting experience. WebThe species that eat hazelnuts leave diagnostic signs. This includes popular varieties like peanuts, almonds, walnuts, and even pistachios. Therefore, be prepared for that when you welcome them to your backyard. They will So there is plenty of food around when acorn season is over. There are many people who wonder how to attract deer with peanut butter because theyve heard about that old trick. Deer depend on micro-organisms found in the rumen for the fermentation to occur. Calcium 21%. Old Mans Beard grey lichen, typically found growing on dead spruce and balsam trees high in nutrients and essential in deers diet. Check current price right here: Whitetail Institute Imperial Clover Deer Food. You can be susceptible to diseases and ticks if you come in close contact with them. Deer love to eat nuts and theyre especially fond of acorns. Deers do eat and enjoy the taste of almonds. Deer are not your regular ruminants that slowly graze on grass. Moreover, deer would yield more from soaked almonds, as they are easy to break by the digestive system and increase the likelihood of higher nutrient absorption.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'outdoorfavor_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_7',671,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-outdoorfavor_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Deer have no problem eating and digesting the shells of almonds and the raw-fresh almonds from the trees because they have a solid and complicated digestive system they can say they have four chambers in the stomach. They have been hanging aroun all day, and they were being fed with two or three older deer for over a month. Chestnuts are high in protein and carbohydrates. They will die of hunger. endobj The simple answer is yes, deer can eat almonds. It has 24% protection and it will boost the deers energy levels. mn9?cbl\|\Wgy!YUYSeTY]^ad'vz2#}tlfiA9ox\mM]?=eHorBD,f Getting involved in the natural selection process could lead to an overpopulation of deer that might easily get out of control in a few years. Wrangler 12 Sweet, which is a pellet food for livestock. Antioxidants scavenge harmful toxins known as free radicals which damage cells; thus by consuming foods rich in antioxidants like vitamin C or selenium (found mostly in Brazil nuts), deer can protect themselves from diseases caused by oxidative stress. Additionally, the nuts provide a good source of essential vitamins and minerals. But, if you dont have any on hand (because why would you?) Helping fawns make it through the winter. This is when. Among fruits, they truly enjoy apples, blackberries, blueberries and also persimmons. WebYes, deer can eat peanuts. Here are some other examples of foods to avoid when feeding deer: If youre going to start feeding wild deer, its important to try and replicate their normal diet. However, taking your measurements is the way to go. Pro Tip plant tall shrubs or even trees. The Cervinae mainly consists of the muntjac, the elk/wapiti, the red deer, and the fallow. Chives are part of the allium family. In fact, they are an important part of a deers diet. However, they are not as nutritious as other nuts, and they are not a preferred food source for deer. Though active during the day, deer are known to be most active at sunrise and dusk. While most animals can digest almonds without any problems, there are a few exceptions. Healthy and helps deer prepare for winter, Can be used to feed other animals as well, Cannot be used as a single source of food for deer. You can also setup a Moultrie Gravity Tripod Feeder to automate things. On the other hand, Deer would avoid bitter almonds any time you give them because papers have suggested that eating 6-10 raw bitter almonds are more than enough to cause severe poisoning in adults while munching 50 or more can lead to death. Please consult the state law as the permits may be required for some or all of these steps and may be prohibited in your area. Unfortunately, this, Read More What to Do With a Dead Bird in Your Yard?Continue, If you own chickens, the first thing youve probably learned from experience is that chickens are eating-machines. They will spread seeds much further than low shrubs and cause additional natural growth. In the meantime, what do baby deer eat? Your email address will not be published. Today, I discovered that a fawn was hit by a car on my street in Maryland. Yes, wild animals can eat almonds. However, there have been studies performed on white tail deer showing that feeding them cottonseed on a regular basis could lead to negative side effects. Whether its a lifeless stray or, Read More What to Do With a Dead Cat in My Yard?Continue, Cats are known for being curious creatures and often like to explore their surroundings. Due to seasonal changes, their diet requires changes too. What to Feed Deer Instead of CornConsider a Food Plot. Deer food plots are a great way to provide deer with supplemental feed. Woody Browse. If you have trees and brush you can trim on your property, pruning them can be a great way to supplement deer feed.Formulated Deer Feed Mixes. This is an excellent choice for supplemental feed. Oats. Rice Bran. Alfalfa. Soybeans. Creep Feed. Yes, deer can eat almonds. How to protect my almond trees from deer? Almonds are not poisonous to deer, so there is no need to worry about them if you find them eating your almonds. Afterall its an integral part of the nut family. People have been feeding cottonseed to their livestock for many years seeing as it is rich in vitamins as has a few proteins. A whitetail needs to consume 7 to 10 pounds of browse every day, which means good deer habitat needs to include plenty of brush, shrubs, saplings, and vines Yes, deer can eat almonds. If deers start consuming food that is well cooked and not adaptive with the deers digestive system, it may create health hazards for the deer. Deer should not spend too long together as they are susceptible to diseases. For example, during the winter deers tend to eat a lot of buds, bark and branches. The best supplement for deers is oats. Following these simple steps will help you help these creatures in the long run. According to research, soaked almonds could cause a 6.7 to 20 percent oxalate reduction. id\I7E D`g,dT33OC9OfIf "H-Y jk}!"hp-[PlpP" WebYou can feed deer foods such as trimmings from trees, oats, ready-made deer food, acorns, and vegetables. Deer are naturally scared of humans as they should be. However, it is not possible for them to eat almonds from fully grown trees. This means they like to eat plants, nuts, and fruits whenever available (emphasis on the last part). The only problem that can come is chewing the dry shells of almonds. They can directly eat almonds from trees or from the ground. If the fawn is larger in size, you can also incorporate some slices of sweet fruit such as a banana or apple. Deer need 5 to 8 pounds of food for every 100 pounds of body weight and 1 1/2 quarts of water daily to maintain a healthy There are several reasons why deer might find themselves attracted to nibbling on nuts. If you have a herd of deer that wander on your property, be sure to plant some nut-bearing trees. Deer have a powerful sense of smell 59 times stronger than humans and 1.35 times more potent than that dogs. We have a list of what deer love to eat when in the wild. Your email address will not be published. But, in terms of trick and treat, deer would come closer to sweet almonds despite there being no way to choose the bitter one as it has deathly characteristics. WebYes, deer can eat peanuts. Therefore, there remains no confusion that whether deers eat almonds or not. As the seasons change these animals may face a scarcity of food. Do Mothballs Keep Raccoons Away? But, you dont have to worry much about it for two reasons; one, only sweet almonds are sold in grocery stores, and two, deer are concentrated selectors and have a strong sense of smell to sense the solid offensive scent of bitter almonds. Also, if you encounter a fawn alone, please do not touch it! Some herds of the caribou species embody up to 100,000 deer. These food sources are safe for deer to consume and enjoy. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Giving deer 15-20 soaked or even dry almonds per day would fulfill some of the significant protein and mineral requirements. Birds are also attracted to the high protein and fat content of the nuts. Persimmons are also known as deer candy due to their appealing taste and are high in nutrients; starch, vitamin C, potassium, iron, phosphorous, iron, and carbohydrates. WebIn severe times, deer will eat leaves, twigs and small buds. Additionally, deers deeply enjoy the crunch and taste of nuts. Deer generally begin to eat nuts in the fall, when they are looking for food sources that will help them survive the winter. This super attractant is a very simple product but one you will find very efficient for the deer population in your area. Antlers? The truth is, although deer may eagerly snack on whatever youve provided, that doesnt mean that its good for them. The Caprilinae consists of the reindeer/caribou, the white-tailed deer, the vol deer, and the moose. It is important to note that deer should not be fed large amounts of any human food, as it can cause digestive issues and imbalance the normal diet of a deer. These food substances may be harmful to them. Deers enjoy having different types of nuts and fruits in their diet. If the fawn is newborn, stick to the milk and lactate formula. These animals are attracted to the high protein and fat content of the nuts. If the deer you are trying to feed dont find enough nourishment, it will lead to violence among the animals who are now competing for the resource. While some deer may prefer other types of food, such as fruits and vegetables, they can digest and receive nutrients from eating nuts. Apples and peaches are palatable for deer and are high in fiber that aid in the digestion of other foods. This includes a lower sperm count and a reduced antler mass. WebYes, baby deer can eat nuts. When it comes to raw almonds and branches of the trees, the owners are recommended to not add excessive amounts of fertilizer to the trees. (Read This First! So, if you ever find yourself with a surplus of walnuts, dont be afraid to share them with your furry friends. Almonds can be considered to be a pastime snack for deers. Kitchen scraps These are carrot pulp, fruit peeling, or herb stems. Also, these ruminants are equipped with long and slender tongues allowing them to extract succulent stems and leaves when browsing. When do deer eat nuts? Therefore, do not feed them grass or hay for that matter. Posted on Published: 01/05/2022- Last updated: 17/02/2023. Making sure they find the appropriate food instead of relying on unhealthy sources of feed. Tough in low amounts. For example, its a common misconception that you can feed corn to deer. Is Squash Good For Deer? Along that almonds can also be found fallen near the trees. Hickory arent very effective to the diets of deer but are fed on as deer find them tasty. Do deer eat almonds? However, walnuts, almonds, pecans, and acorns are also in their list of favorite foods. Deer also need zinc, iron, magnesium, potassium, and chorine but in minimal amounts. However, it is important to note that baby deer should not eat too many almonds. So what should you feed deer in your backyard? Lets answer those questions! Deer will travel long distances to find areas with a plentiful supply of these mast crops. You can plant these yourself in your backyard. You should also include other forages like cabbages, bananas, apples, cereal grass, peanuts, green beans, kidney beans, carrots, etc., to fulfill different requirements and lessen the dependency on one meal. If you think your area has a high population of deer that is destroying your almond or any other field, consult with the local governments about your issue and hunting permit. Note that repellents must be reapplied on a regular basis (usually every 2-3 weeks) to be effective. Begin feeding them gradually. Squirrels tend to split the nuts neatly in half. (All You Need to Know). The second thing you need to understand about deer is that they are ruminators. And it needs more energy to break down by the microbes present in the stomach.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'outdoorfavor_com-leader-1','ezslot_4',670,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-outdoorfavor_com-leader-1-0'); Also, almonds are high in oxalate (22 almonds one ounce contains 122 milligrams of oxalate), which is not ideal for both a human and a deer to have higher quantities in urine. Instead, consider using smaller amounts of these foods as part of a broader strategy to keep deer away from your property or gardens. Oat are easily digestible and are rich in crude protein to aid in muscle development in deer. Nuts provide deer with a good source of protein, fat, and essential nutrients. Nevertheless, these numbers are calculated for humans, and still, research needs to be done on the deer side.

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